CST4 and diabetic retinopathy: The diabetes with albuminuria group had higher prevalence of hypertention (p = 0.013), higher comorbidity of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.015), higher triglycerides level (p = 0.007) and declined renal function, which meant higher levels of urea, creatinine, cystatin, β2-microglobulin(all with a p value<0.001) and lower eGFR (p<0.001) compared with the results of diabetes with normoalbuminuria group.