APOB and metabolic syndrome: As increasing evidence has shown that levels of ApoB, especially when combined with apoAI to form the ApoB/A1 ratio, have higher sensitivity and specificity than cholesterol as predictors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [31], and TG is an important component of metabolic syndrome [32], our results also suggested risk of elevated SPARC in GDM for future cardiometabolic disorders.