While the frequency of CD3+CD4+ T cells was similar among patients with different degrees of periportal fibrosis (Figure 1(b)), a lower frequency of CD8+ T cells was observed in individuals with moderate to severe fibrosis (median = 11.4%; min–max = 0.2%–16%), compared to those without fibrosis (16%; 13%–29.7%) or with incipient fibrosis (11.6%; 0.8%–21.1%; P < 0.05; Figure 1(c)). Here, CD4 is linked to fibrosis.