FTO and microcephaly: Furthermore, in the context of rare and severe phenotypes, recently, in a large Palestinian Arab consanguineous multiplex family with nine affected, a homozygous R316Q enzyme inactivating mutation in the FTO gene, resulted in a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including severe intrauterine growth retardation, severe microcephaly, and death from infection before the age of three (Boissel et al., 2009).