When heterogeneity was allowed between cohorts, weaker signals were also obtained in loci, such as near the MC4R region (rs12964056, p = 6.87 × 10-7, z = -4.98), cholecystokinin CCK (rs8192472, p = 1.33 × 10-6, z = -4.85), Interleukin 15 (rs2099884, p = 1.27 × 10-5, z = 4.34), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B [LRP1B (rs7583748, p = 0.00013, z = -3.81), and near transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18; rs7561317, p = 0.001, z = -3.17)], all of which have been previously reported to be associated with obesity or BMI (Table 3; 4–10). Here, MC4R is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.