Subsequently, a body of animal and clinical trials (26–29) reported that dexmedetomodine reduced the level of plasma cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6, stimulated by endotoxemia, and that dexmedetomidine reduced the mortality rate in endotoxemia-induced shock rat models in a dose-dependent manner. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.