Since the initial reports on disease-predisposing mutations in the mismatch-repair (MMR) genes MLH1 [MIM:120436], MSH2 [MIM:609309] and MSH6 [MIM:600678] in the early 1990’ies, a large number of studies have contributed to the establishment of the molecular map of Lynch syndrome with over 3,072 unique genetic MMR gene variants identified. The gene discussed is MSH2; the disease is Lynch syndrome.