For that purpose, MDR1 promoter methylation and P-gp expression was firstly assessed in a series of PCa, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) – a precursor lesion of PCa – and non-tumorous prostate tissues [benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and morphologically normal prostate tissue (NPT)]. This evidence concerns the gene PGP and benign prostatic hyperplasia.