TPI1 and cancer: TPI1 gene in FOTS core signature was up-regulated in the CL4 fibroblast, which could supply epithelial cancer cells with pyruvate/lactate as “fuel” to help epithelial cancer cells to escape the anti-angiogenic treatment [35]; therefore, the TPI1 targeted therapy (or FOTS gene targeted therapy) for cancer-associated fibroblast will be an actionable way to control the progression of cancer in conjunction with anti-angiogenic therapy.