PTPRF and Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy: Of these, five genes including ANXA1, GATM, METAP2, PIM2 and PTPN13 are up-regulated both in FSHD myoblasts and in differentiated FSHD myotubes, seven genes including ELF1, FHL1, GAS1, IFI16, IGFBP5, KDSR and KIF3C were specifically up-regulated in FSHD myoblasts, while 20 genes (ALDH7A1, ATN1, BIN1, CCND1, CD99, CKB, CNN, CTNN1, FCGRT, FGFR4, FHL1, GAP43, GATA2, IL4R, KIF3C, MYC, NFIB, PFN2, PTPRF, TP53I3) were specifically up-regulated in FSHD myotubes (Fig. 1).