VIM and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Although, we did not find any marked increase in inflammation, e.g. accumulation of eosinophils and macrophages, in the turbinate part similar to that noted in the polyp part of the middle turbinate CRSwNP, we did find signs of a pronounced remodelling, as indicated by accumulation of α-SMA positive and vimentin positive myofibroblasts, as well as an increase in the number of TGF-β triggered pSmad2 positive fibroblasts.