While productive infection was enhanced in both the mDC and pDC-T cell co-cultures (Fig. 2 A), latent infection was only identified in the SNARFhiEGFP− CD4+ T cells that had been co-cultured with mDC (33 (19, 51) EGFP+ cells/104 cells; n = 5) following re-stimulation with PHA and feeder PBMC (Fig. 2 B) or following direct activation with anti-CD3/CD28, together with IL-7 and the integrase inhibitor L8, which allowed the detection of post-integration latency (Fig. 2 C). Here, CD28 is linked to disease arising from reactivation of latent virus.