When the levels of markers detected in saliva of TB cases were compared to the levels obtained in the saliva of the noncases, 8 of the 33 markers (IL-6, CRP, IL-9, IL-5, MIP-1β, fractalkine, IL-17, and VEGF) were significantly different, or showed trends for differences between the two groups (Table 3). Here, IL9 is linked to tuberculosis.