MPO and atherosclerosis: As isocyanic acid is formed by two different pathways in vivo (the spontaneous dissociation of urea [13] and the myeloperoxidase-catalyzed metabolism of thiocyanate [15,32]), carbamylation is known to occur in patients with CKD [13,19,33] and to link inflammation and atherosclerosis to form the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis [11,14,15,17].