So, in the present study, we investigated the association of TNFA-308 G>A, NFKB1 -94ATTG ins/del and NFKBIA (-826 C>T and 3’UTR A>G) polymorphisms with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or its clinical phenotypes, their interaction with environmental risk factors and their role in survival outcome of ESCC patients. This evidence concerns the gene NFKBIA and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.