Our results suggest that RNase L may function as a component necessary for the entry of certain types of virus into a cell, a role similar to CD4 and chemokine co-receptors such as CXCR4 or CCR5 in HIV infection [37], which subsequently trigger the apoptotic cascade, leading to the clearance of virus although this hypothesis needs to be further demonstrated. The gene discussed is RNASEL; the disease is HIV infectious disease.