Many observational and clinical studies have shown strong associations between serum and dietary magnesium and fasting insulin or insulin resistance [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43], and impaired glucose metabolism or type 2 diabetes [2,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.