The upregulated NGAL and KIM-1 protein concentrations increased over the time following ICU admission, whereby NGAL increased right from the time of admission (P < 0.0001); the KIM-1 levels differentiated between the non-AKI and AKI at the T = 24 hour time point for the first time (P = 0.008). This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR1 and acute kidney injury.