Vaccinia virus-delivered immunomodulated autoantigens and CFA may provide continuous suppression of diabetes inflammation, thereby establishing an alternative approach for repopulation of the pancreas with “beta-like” insulin secreting cells, which could establish an effective and durable interventional therapy for restoration of euglycemia and immunological homeostasis in the large population of patients currently suffering from type 1 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.