Most recent data however, demonstrate that CFA treatment ameliorates autoimmunity in NOD mice by up-regulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells in pancreatic lymph nodes and for increasing TGF-β1 production [32], in spite of the fact that altered frequencies of peripheral CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells were not yet shown to be specifically associated with type 1 diabetes [33]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.