VHL and neoplasm: We concentrated on candidate genes not previously reported due to differences in methodology used or not discussed by others: HIG2, NDUFA4L2, EGLN3, FUT11, PRDX4, PFKP, RNF149, TMEM213, HS6ST2, DMRT2, CLDN8, TMEM52B, ATP6V1G3, and ATP6V0A4. First, tumor samples were examined for VHL, HIF1A, and EPAS1 expression.