Interestingly, CD163+ perivascular macrophages in human metastatic melanoma express high levels of CXCL12 and autocrine CXCL12 production modulates the differentiation of monocytes toward a distinct program with pro-angiogenic functions, indicated by upregulation of VEGF and the angiogenic chemokine, CCL1 [89]. The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is metastatic melanoma.