Ethanol-induced histone modification is associated with altered expression of several genes, including those encoding the ethanol-metabolizing enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the cancer-promoting gene (i.e., oncogene) c-jun, and the gene encoding a protein called plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which is involved in the dissolution of blood clots and in various diseases (e.g., fibrosis and certain types of cancer) (see table 1). This evidence concerns the gene AVP and cancer.