GDF15 and cancer: After adjustments for conventional risk factors, the incremental rise in outcome events by one SD of log GDF-15 remained significant 46% (95%CI 21 to 77%, p<0.001) and 38% (95%CI 12 to 70%, p<0.001) for cancer mortality and 30% (95%CI 12 to 51%, p<0.001) for cancer morbidity and mortality in the respective groups.