AKT1 and cholesteatoma: Therefore, inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 signaling pathway with small molecule inhibitors [19, 35] (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and small interfering RNA) might be used as a promising target for intratympanic drug therapy for the nonsurgical patients or complementary treatment for preventing recurrence of the cholesteatoma after surgery.