Increased urinary nephrin, which has been observed in both experimental and human diabetes, is paradoxical to a decrease in nephrin mRNA, correlates positively with the degree of proteinuria, and may be a useful marker of diabetic renal dysfunction (Luimula et al. 2000; Forbes et al. 2002; Langham et al. 2002; Patari et al. 2003; Toyoda et al. 2004; Chang et al. 2012; Jim et al. 2012). Here, NPHS1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.