Another adipokine, circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), directly contributes to insulin resistance (Yang et al. 2005; Graham et al. 2006) and activates inflammatory pathways in macrophages, in part by increasing secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 (Norseen et al. 2012). This evidence concerns the gene RBP4 and Insulin resistance.