There may be important differences in the LPS-TLR4 axis between mice and humans in melioidosis: although we have found that human genetic variation in TLR4 is associated with susceptibility to melioidosis [16], in mice TLR2 seems to play a greater role than TLR4 in modulating the outcome of experimental Burkholderia infection [8,15,29]. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is Burkholderia Infections.