BDNF immunoreactivity was expressed in small- to medium-sized DRG neurons with a number of 85.01 ± 10.75 cells per mm2 area in control animals (Figure 1A) and a number of 171.00 ± 21.27 cells per mm2 area in animals treated with CYP (Figure 1B), resulting in a 2-fold increase in cystitis when compared to control (Figure 1C, p<0.05). Here, PPIG is linked to chronic cystitis.