IL6 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: On the other hand, IL-6 exhibits proinflammatory activity through activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB. IL-6 concentrations are significantly higher in serum of DMD patients (3.77 ± 2.71 pg/mL) compared to healthy age-matched controls (1.93 ± 1.38 pg/mL) [31] and follow the disease time-course [32].