THP-1 macrophages differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate has been shown to release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL8 and IL1β (38) and our results reveals similar effects on cancer cell growth and cell cycle regulation between our THP-1 M and M1 CM suggesting an M1-like type of these macrophages. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.