INS and metabolic syndrome: Later on, similar results were obtained by Straznicky et al. in patients with I.R. and MetS, who exhibited a blunted sympathetic response to increased plasma insulin following a glucose load [67] consistent with central I.R. Certain adipokines expressed in central obesity may contribute to determining sympathetic overdrive and in case of overexpression may contribute to I.R., resulting in hyperinsulinemic state with greater sympathetic outflow [29].