This functional polymorphism is located in the untranslated exon 4 of the PPARD gene influencing the expression of PPARD through altering the sequence of the DNA-binding site for Sp-1 [33, 34], and that demonstrated the possibility that the compromised function of PPARD due to this polymorphism might increase the risk of CKD as well as other vascular diseases. This evidence concerns the gene SP1 and chronic kidney disease.