Associations between polymorphisms in PPARG and risk of CKD including diabetic nephropathy (DN) are also reported; in a meta-analysis of 18 studies, it is demonstrated that the Ala allele carriers of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism [38] had the reduced risk of DN, although this association was not significant when restricted only to Asians. Here, PPARG is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.