NAMPT and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Since the serum levels of a number of proinflammatory adipokines, such as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), are increased in obesity and some obesity-related diseases, it has been speculated that such adipokines could enhance periodontal inflammation and, thereby, increase the risk of periodontitis or compromise periodontal healing in obese individuals [34–38].