Furthermore, when compared with the inflammatory process of nonspecific sialoadenitis, salivary glands of patients with pSS have been found to express a unique profile of adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines, including a striking overexpression of CXCL13 and, to a lesser degree, CXCL12 [5,21-23]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to peeling skin syndrome.