Figure 2A–B show that Niaspan monotherapy and combination of BMSC + Niaspan treatment of stroke significantly increased Synaptophysin (p < 0.05, Figure 2A) and SMI31 (p < 0.05, Figure 2B) expression compared to T1DM-MCAo control. (T1DM-MCAo control n = 8; Niaspan n = 10; BMSCs n = 8; BMSCs + Niaspan n = 7). The combination treatment induces an additive effect on increasing synaptic protein Synaptophysin expression when compared to BMSCs monotherapy rats (p < 0.05). Here, SYP is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.