CCND1 and pancreatic neoplasm: Finally, the chemosensitization of pancreatic tumor cells appears to be mediated through the ability of Escin to modify cell-signaling molecules, including cell proliferating proteins, such as cyclin D and members of the NF-κB signaling pathways, as described for resveratrol by Gupta et al. [50] whose in vitro studies found that resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of human PaCa pancreatic cell lines, synergized the apoptotic effects of gemcitabine, and inhibited both the constitutive activation of NF-κB and the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, COX-2, cyclin D1, MMP-9, and VEGF.