However, most studies of model development have focused on noninvasive markers for evaluating patients with chronic hepatitis C, including FIB-4 (AST/ ALT/ PLT/age) [15], FibroTest (α-2-macroglobulin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], apolipoprotein, haptoglobin, total bilirubin, age and gender) [16], APRI (AST/PLT ratio) [17], European Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score (hyaluronate [HA], procollagen III amino terminal peptide, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 [TIMP-1], age) [18]; and Hepascore (bilirubin, GGT, hyaluronate, α-2-macrogluobulin, age and gender) [19]. The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is chronic hepatitis C virus infection.