In the adult kidney, activation of Snail is sufficient to cause renal fibrosis [60], while Hedgehog signaling, which has been shown to contribute to EMT [61], was recently shown in pancreatic cancer to contribute to resistance to gemcitabine through modulation of the tumor microenvironment, specifically by affecting the stroma and type I collagen [6,14,53]. Here, SNAI1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.