TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: It is interesting to note that two pathways with prominent functions in EMT, the RAS and TGFβ signaling pathways, are disturbed in pancreatic cancer: Ras is constitutively activated due to oncogenic mutations, whereas TGFβ signaling, which has an important dual role as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter, can be enhanced or blunted.