In our studies using mRNA from RWPE1 and RWPE2 non-tumorigenic prostate cells and LNCaP (androgen dependent) and C4-2B (androgen independent) tumorigenic PCa cells, we observed that both NOX4 and NOX5 mRNA expression paralleled the aggressive nature of C4-2B cells (Figure 1). Here, NOX4 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.