DNMT3A and acute myeloid leukemia: For example, HOXA9 is significantly upregulated in both categories of DNMT3A modifications and this has been associated with poor prognosis in AML before (Figure 3d).30 In fact, almost the entire HOXA and HOXB cluster were significantly upregulated in AML samples with either epimutation or mutation in DNMT3A. The clear correlation of differentially expressed genes indicates that the molecular sequel of epimutation and mutation in DNMT3A might be related (Figure 3e).