Oncogenic ALK gene fusions were identified in a distinct subpopulation (approximately 5%) of NSCLC patients [3] typically characterized by adenocarcinoma histology, young age, no- or light-smoking history, and in the vast majority of cases, lack of concomitant mutations in EGFR- or KRAS (V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) genes or amplification of MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) gene [4]. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma.