PAK1 and colonic neoplasm: Similarly, PAK1/2 phosphorylation was also dose-dependently and significantly reduced up to 72.8 ± 15.8% (P < 0.014) on AZA197 treatment of HT-29 cells without influencing total PAK protein expression (Additional file 4: Figure S4B), indicating that Cdc42 inhibition blocks the PAK1 signaling pathway in these colon cancer cells.