Low-GI and/or low-GL diets may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome [129], T2DM [130, 131], cardiovascular disease [132], and chronic inflammation [133], probably by beneficial effects body weight [46, 134–136], insulin sensitivity [137, 138], β-cell function [139, 140], serum cholesterol [141, 142], glycemic control in diabetes [143]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.