No changes in markers of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) were observed in the study of Freeland [152], but this does not exclude potential changes since other studies have reported fiber-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity using euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps as the gold standard method which would have been missed by using HOMA-IR only [68, 161]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.