INS and Insulin resistance: We have recently proposed a novel concept that could contribute to explaining improved insulin sensitivity with cereal fiber intake, showing that cereal fiber may hinder the digestion and/or absorption of dietary protein in the upper gut, thereby preventing amino-acid-induced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/translation initiation factor serine-kinase-6-1 (S6K1) signalling pathway that is known to drive insulin resistance [68, 120, 121].