Consistent with a role for C5a in atherosclerosis, inhibition of C5aR with antagonist or blocking monoclonal antibody for 7 days after wire-induced endothelial injury in apoE−/− mice reduced neointimal thickening, monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, and expression of VCAM-1 and PAI-1 [165]. This evidence concerns the gene C5AR1 and atherosclerosis.