INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The acute risk for hypoglycemia was attributed to impairments in the systemic reaction to falling BG levels: in health, falling BG concentration triggers a sequence of responses, beginning with attenuation of endogenous insulin production, followed by increase in glucagon and epinephrine and, if BG concentration falls further, resulting in autonomic symptoms and/or neuroglycopenia; in type 1 diabetes, and to some extent in type 2 diabetes, these defense mechanisms are impaired [46–48].