Many studies have evaluated the additional predictive value of markers of renal dysfunction (MDRD, albuminuria or cystatin C), inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)), oxidative stress (homocysteine) or myocardial wall stress (N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)), but nearly all in a primary preventive setting [21–25] and especially aimed at improving prediction in those with intermediate risk. This evidence concerns the gene CRP and Abnormal renal physiology.