IFNA1 and infection: Further, we found that Ifitm3 does not impact on the development of ECM in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection, although it is well established that malarial parasites elicit strong type I and type II IFN responses in their hosts, which have been shown to impact on the severity of infection [35,36], with IFNα and IFNγ contributing to lethality in murine models.