While persistence at low levels of HCV in plasma or sera in the context of detectable antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV), undetectable serum HCV RNA by clinical testing, and essentially normal levels of liver enzymes has been reported in individuals long after clinical resolution of CHC following treatment with IFN or PegIFN/R [5], [6], [8], [9], [11], [20], the detection of HCV and its replication during ongoing treatment with PegIFN/R when the virus genome became undetectable by clinical assays has not yet been examined and our study is the first in this regard. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is cryohydrocytosis.