These results demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 by DPQ exerts a protective effect on ALI via inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, consistent with the previous findings that inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP-1 protects the animals against endotoxin-induced lung injury or polymicrobial sepsis [28], [29], [30], [31], [32]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.