CXCR3 and inflammatory bowel disease: CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are differentially elevated in many instances, such as with periodontal [17], [18], autoimmune liver diseases [19], multiple sclerosis [20], bronchiolitis [21], skin or mucosal inflammation [22], cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis [23], and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [24], [25].